Unity C# 一些关于Camera的心得

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首先，总结了下最近工作中关于摄像机漫游的功能，
脚本如下：
Transform _Camera;
    public LayerMask mask;
     
    public float checkHeight = 500f;
    public float minHeight = 20f;
    public float maxHeight = 8000f;
    public float minClamp = 50f;
    public float maxClamp = 950f;

    public float sensitivityX = 5f;
    public float sensitivityY = 5f;
    private float rotationY = 0f;

    //上下最大Y视角
    public float minimumY = -90f;
    public float maximumY = 30f;

    public Vector3 PreMouseMPos;

    public float scrollSpeed = 200f;

    void Start ()
    {
        mask.value = 1;
        _Camera = Camera.main.transform;
    }
    
    // Update is called once per frame
    void Update ()
    {
        if(Input.GetKey(KeyCode.LeftAlt))
        {
            MouseScrollWheel ();
            CameraMove ();
            MoveEulerAngles ();
        }
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Checks the height of the low.
    /// </summary>
    void CheckLowHeight()
    {
        if (_Camera.position.x < minClamp)
            _Camera.position = new Vector3 (minClamp, _Camera.position.y, _Camera.position.z);
        if (_Camera.position.x > maxClamp)
            _Camera.position = new Vector3 (maxClamp, _Camera.position.y, _Camera.position.z);
        if (_Camera.position.z < minClamp)
            _Camera.position = new Vector3 (_Camera.position.x, _Camera.position.y, minClamp);
        if (_Camera.position.z > maxClamp)
            _Camera.position = new Vector3 (_Camera.position.x, _Camera.position.y, maxClamp);

        RaycastHit hit;
        if(Physics.Raycast(_Camera.position+Vector3.up*checkHeight,Vector3.down,out hit ,checkHeight+minHeight,mask))
        {
            if(_Camera.position.y-hit.point.y<minClamp)
            {
                Vector3 lowPoint = hit.point + new Vector3 (0, minHeight, 0);
                _Camera.position = lowPoint;
            }
        }
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Mouses the scroll wheel.
    /// </summary>
    private void MouseScrollWheel()
    {
        if(Input.GetAxis("Mouse ScrollWheel")!=0)
        {
            _Camera.Translate (new Vector3 (0, 0, Input.GetAxis ("Mouse ScrollWheel") * Time.deltaTime * scrollSpeed));
        }

        CheckLowHeight ();

        if (_Camera.position.y >= maxHeight)
            _Camera.position = new Vector3 (_Camera.position.x, maxHeight, _Camera.position.z);
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Cameras the move.
    /// </summary>
    private void CameraMove()
    {
        if(Input.GetMouseButton(0))
        {
            if(PreMouseMPos.x<=0)
            {
                PreMouseMPos = new Vector3 (Input.mousePosition.x, Input.mousePosition.y, 0);
            }
            else
            {
                Vector3 CurMouseMPos = new Vector3 (Input.mousePosition.x, Input.mousePosition.y, 0);
                Vector3 offset = CurMouseMPos - PreMouseMPos;
                offset = -offset * 0.5f * 2;
                if((_Camera.position+offset).y>=minHeight
                    &&(_Camera.position+offset).y<=maxHeight)
                {
                    _Camera.Translate(offset);

                    CheckLowHeight();

                    PreMouseMPos = CurMouseMPos;
                }
            }              
        }
        else
            PreMouseMPos = Vector3.zero;
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Moves the euler angles.
    /// </summary>
    private void MoveEulerAngles()
    {
        if(Input.GetMouseButton(1))
        {
            float rotationX = _Camera.localEulerAngles.y + Input.GetAxis ("Mouse X") * sensitivityX;

            rotationY += Input.GetAxis ("Mouse Y") * sensitivityY;

            rotationY = Mathf.Clamp (rotationY, minimumY, maximumY);

            _Camera.localEulerAngles = new Vector3 (-rotationY, rotationX, 0);
        }
}
第二个是关于摄像机的限制范围和遇到障碍物自动变换与target的距离的功能
代码如下：
public Transform target;

public LayerMask mask = new LayerMask();

public Vector2 targetOffset = new Vector2();
public Vector2 originRotation = new Vector2();

public float distance = 5;
public float minDistance = 0;
public float maxDistance = 10;

public Vector2 sensitivity = new Vector2(3, 3);

public float zoomSpeed = 1;
public float zoomSmoothing = 16;

public float minAngle = -90;
public float maxAngle = 90;

private float _zoom_in_timer = 0;
private float _zoom_out_timer = 0;

private float _wanted_distance;
private Quaternion _rotation;
private Vector2 _input_rotation;

private Transform _t;

void Start()
{
    mask.value = 1;
    _t = transform;
    _wanted_distance = distance;
    _input_rotation = originRotation;
}

void Update()
{
    if (target) {

        if (Input.GetMouseButton (0) || Input.GetMouseButton (1)) {
            if (Input.GetAxis ("Mouse X") != 0 || Input.GetAxis ("Mouse Y") != 0) {
                if (!Cursor.visible) {
                    Cursor.visible = false;
                    Cursor.lockState = CursorLockMode.Locked;
                }
            }

            return;
        }
    }


    if (!Cursor.visible) {
        Cursor.visible = true;
        Cursor.lockState = CursorLockMode.None;
    }

}
void FixedUpdate()
{
    if(target)
    {

        // Zoom control
        if(Input.GetAxis("Mouse ScrollWheel") < 0 )
        {
            _wanted_distance += zoomSpeed;
        }
        else if(Input.GetAxis("Mouse ScrollWheel") > 0 )
        {
            _wanted_distance -= zoomSpeed;
        }


        _wanted_distance = Mathf.Clamp(_wanted_distance, minDistance, maxDistance);


        if (Input.GetMouseButton (0) || Input.GetMouseButton (1)) {

            _input_rotation.x += Input.GetAxis ("Mouse X") * sensitivity.x;


            ClampRotation ();


            _input_rotation.y -= Input.GetAxis ("Mouse Y") * sensitivity.y;


            _input_rotation.y = Mathf.Clamp (_input_rotation.y, minAngle, maxAngle);

            _rotation = Quaternion.Euler (_input_rotation.y, _input_rotation.x, 0);

        }

        // Lerp from current distance to wanted distance
        distance = Mathf.Clamp(Mathf.Lerp(distance, _wanted_distance, Time.deltaTime * zoomSmoothing), minDistance, maxDistance);

        // Set wanted position based off rotation and distance
        Vector3 wanted_position = _rotation * new Vector3(targetOffset.x, 0, -_wanted_distance - 0.2f) + target.position + new Vector3(0, targetOffset.y, 0);
        Vector3 current_position = _rotation * new Vector3(targetOffset.x, 0, 0) + target.position + new Vector3(0, targetOffset.y, 0);


        // Linecast to test if there are objects between the camera and the target using collision layers
        RaycastHit hit;

        if(Physics.Linecast(current_position, wanted_position, out hit, mask))
        {
            distance = Vector3.Distance(current_position, hit.point) - 0.2f;
        }


        // Set the position and rotation of the camera
        _t.position = _rotation * new Vector3(targetOffset.x, 0.0f, -distance) + target.position + new Vector3(0, targetOffset.y, 0);
        _t.rotation = _rotation;
    }
}

private void ClampRotation()
{
    if(originRotation.x < -180)
    {
        originRotation.x += 360;
    }
    else if(originRotation.x > 180)
    {
        originRotation.x -= 360;
    }

    if(_input_rotation.x - originRotation.x < -180)
    {
        _input_rotation.x += 360;
    }
    else if(_input_rotation.x - originRotation.x > 180)
    {
        _input_rotation.x -= 360;
    }
}

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